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英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装，只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。强调性倒装和以so, neither, nor开头的句子是高考例题的热点。
（一）倒装句的意义
1、适应一定的语法结构的需要，主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。
e.g. May I come in?
Was the People's Liberation Army founded in 1927?
2、为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放到句首，构成倒装。
e.g. Never have I been late for school this term.
So early did he come to school that no other students came.
（二）倒装的使用情况
1、在 "there be" 结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。
e.g. There is a box on the table.
2、在疑问句中。
e.g. Is she singing in the classroom?
What does your mother do?
3、在here, there等副词开头的某些句子里（要用一般现在时态）。如果主语是人称代词，主语和主要动词的词序不变。（完全倒装）
e.g. There goes the bell.
Here is an apple for you.
There she comes.
4、重复倒装句型，用在以so, nor, neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示"也一样"、"也这样"；nor, neither用于否定句，表示"同样也不，也不这样"。
e.g. I am watching TV. So is she.
My parents didn't watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I.
5、直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常直接倒装。（完全倒装）
e.g. "Very well," said the French student.
"Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea, please." said he.
6、在以never, little, hardly, not only, few, not, seldom等否定副词开头的句子中，采用部分倒装。如不放在句首就不要倒装。
e.g. Little did he say at the meeting.
Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army.
比较：I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army.
7、用于以only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子中。
e.g. only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to wrk.
only in this way can we learn English well.
注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。
e.g. only Wang Lili knows this.
8、为了表达生动，有时把表地点、方位的副词，如 up, down, out, away, in等放在句首，同时把谓语动词放在主语之前。若主语为人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置不变，只将副词放在句首。（完全倒装）
e.g. Away hurried the boy.
Out rushed the girl.
9、在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were, had 和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。
e.g. Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you.
Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad.
Should he come (=If he should come), tell him to ring me up.
10、as引导让步状语从句时要倒装（形容词/ 副词/ 名词/ 动词 + as + 主语 + 谓语）。
e.g. Proud as they are, they are afraid to see me.
Child as he is, he seems to know everything.（child前不加冠词）
Hard as he worded, he made little progress.
11、用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。
e.g. May you succeed!
Long live the People's Republic of China!
12、So + 形容词、副词及such 置于句首时要倒装。
So happy did he feel.Such was me.
练习：倒装句
1. Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didn't realizeD. I realized
2. only by practising a few hours every day ____ be able to master the language.
A. you canB. can youC. you willD. will you
3. If you don't go, neither ____.
A. shall IB. do IC. I doD. I shall
4. No sooner ____ to the station ____ the train left.
A. had I got, whenB. I had got, thanC. had I got, thanD. did I get, when
5. ---- Your father is very strict with you.---- ____. He never lets off a single mistake of ours
A. So he isB. So is heC. He is soD. So does he
6. ____ today, he would get there by Sunday.
A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leave
7. Never in my life ____ such a thing.A. I have heard or have seen
B. have I heard or seenC. I have heard or seenD. did I hear or see
8. ---- Here ____! Where is Xiao Liu?---- There ____.
A. comes the bus, is he B. comes the bus, he isC. the bus comes, is heD. the bus comes, he is
9. ____ , I will not buy it.
A. Much as do I like itB. As much I like itC. Much as I like it D. As I like it much
10. ---- I like football. I don't like volleyball.---- ____.
A. So do IB. Neither do IC. So it is with meD. So is it with me
11._____ the expense, I _____ to Italy.
A. If it were not, goB. Were it not for, would go
C. Weren't it for, will goD. If it hadn t been, would have gone
12. So _____ in the darkness that he didn' t dare to move an inch.
A. he was frightened B. was he frightenedC. frightened he was D. frightened was he
13.-In modem times, girls like beautiful clothes.
-Yes, _____ and boys. After all, our life has greatly improved.
A. so do they; so do youB. so they do; so you do
C. so do they; so you doD. so they do; so do you
14.-You have an English class every day except Sunday. --- _____.
A. So we have B. So we doC. So have we D. So do we
15.1 wonder if your wife will go to the ball. If your wife _____, so _____ mine.
A. does; will B.will; doesC.will; would D.does; do
16. only after I read the text over again _____ its main idea.
A. that I knew B.did I knewC. 1 could know D. I did know
17.-You seem to have learned all the English words by heart.
A.Sol do B.SodolC. So I have D. So have 1
18. -I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio a lot.
A. So do I B. Neither do IC. I m the same D. So it is with me
19. So excited _____ that he couldn't say a word.
A. he seemed B. did he seemC. was he seeming D. he did look
20. Jimmy was so nervous not a single word _____ down in the dictation.
A. he wrote B. he was writtenC. did he write D. was he written
21. Little ______ when 1 took the trip where it would lead me.
A. have I known B. had I known C. do 1 know D. did I know
22. -Have you ever seen anything like that before?- ____.
A. No, I never have seen anything like that before
B. No, never I have seen anything like that before
C. No, never have 1 seen anything like that before
D. No, I have seen anything like that before never
23. _____ , 1 would accept the invitation and go to the party.
A. Were I you B. Was I youC. Had I been you D. Would 1 be you
24. You should work less _____.
A. and neither should IB. and so should I C. and nor should I D. and so I should
25. _____ and caught the mouse.
A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumpedC. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat
26. Not only _____ a promise, but also he kept it.
A. did he make B. he madeC. does he make D. has he made
27. His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. _____.
A. So is his auntB. So has his auntC. So his aunt doesD. So it is with his aunt
28. Not once _____ their plan.
A. did they change B. they changedC. changed they D. they did change
29.-Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?-I don't know, and ______ .
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I careC. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
30. Not until he arrived home _____ he find that this wallet had been stolen.
A. did B. wouldC. when D. that
31. -This is one of the oldest trees in the world. - _____ such a big tree.
A. Never I have seenB. I haven't never seenC. Never have I seenD. I have seen never
32. Nowhere else in the world _____ cheaper tailoring（裁缝业, 成衣业）than in Hong Kong.
A. a tourist can find B. can a tourist findC. a tourist will find D. a tourist has found
33. _____ succeed in doing anything.
A. only by working hard we canB. By only working hard we can
C. only we can by working hardD. only by working hard can we
34. _____ that we all went out, lying in the sun.
A. So fine was the weatherB. So was the fine weather
C. The weather was so fine wasD. So the weather was tine
35. ____ a nice man ____ that we all believe him.
A. So; did he seem B. So; he seemedC. Such; he seemed D. Such; did he seem
36. -You seem to be an actor.-_____. I have played many parts in a lot of films.
A. So do IB. So am IC. So I doD. So I am
37. Not only____ working hard, but also ____ very polite.
A. the boy is; he is B. is the boy; he isC. the boy is; is he D. is the boy; is he
38. _____ , he never seems able to do the work beautifully.
A. Try as he does B. As he tries C. Try as does he D. As try he does
39.-I cannot see the picture well from here.- _____.
A. Neither can t I B. Neither I canC. I can't neither D. Neither can I
40.- You ought to have given them some advice- _____, but who cared what I asked?
A. So ought you B. So 1 oughtC. So it was D. So I did
41. So carelessly _____ that he almost killed himself.
A. he drives B. does he driveC. did he drive D. he drove
42. Little _____ about his own health though he was very ill.
A. he caredB. did he careC. he caresD. does he care
43. Well ____ know him and well ____ know me.
A. I did; he didB. did I; he didC. did I; did heD. I did; did he
44. No sooner ____ they rushed out into the street.
A. did they hear the news thanB. did they hear the news when
C. had they heard the news thanD. had they heard the news when
45. Little wonder _____ up their hands in dismay.
A. have some thrown B. some have thrownC. thrown some have D. have thrown some
46. _____ , he would have passed the exam.
A. If he were to studyB. If he studied hard C. Had he studied hard D. Should he study hard
47. We were lucky enough, for no sooner _____ home _____ it rained.
A. we returned; andB. we had returned; when
C.did we return; whenD. had we returned; than
48. So little _____ agree on the plan that they could not settle their difference.
A. did they B. do theyC. they did D. they did not
49. _____ he realized it was too late to return home.
A. No sooner it grew dark thanB. Hardly did it grow dark when
C. It was not until dark thatD. It was until dark that
语法复习七：倒装句
1~5 BDACA 6~10 CBBCC 11~15 BDDBA 16~20 BADBC 21~25 DCABC
26~30 ADABA 31~35 CBDAD 36~40 DBADD 41~45 CBCCB 46~49 CDAC 《语法复习七 倒装句》由留学liuxue86.com我整理
高中英语语法倒装句讲解
一、倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首， 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run.
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he comes. Away they went.
二、倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例题
1)Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permittedB.smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permittedD.does smoking permit
答案： A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2) Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know
B. man know
C. didn't man know
D. did man know
答案： D.看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C,D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了，否则意思就变了。
三、以否定词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
典型例题
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began
B.has the game begun
C. did the game begin
D.had the game begun
答案： D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when等等。
注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
四、so, either, nor作部分倒装
表示“也”、“也不” 的句子要部分倒装。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.
典型例题
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care
B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither
D. I don't care also
答案： B. nor为增补意思“也不关心”，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。
注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为“的'确如此”。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard.---So it is.
五、only在句首要倒装的情况
only in this way, can you learn English well.
only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
六、as, though引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 (形容词， 副词， 分词， 实义动词提前)。
注意：
1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2) 句首是实义动词， 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意：
让步状语从句中，有though,although时，后面的主句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用。
七、其他部分倒装
1)so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May you all be happy.
3)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
Were I you, I would try it again.
典型例题：
1) Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did know
B. man knew
C. didn't man know
D. did man know
答案 ：D.否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。
2) Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize
B. did I realize
C. I didn't realize
D. I realize
答案： B.
3)Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don't know, ___.
A. nor don't I care
B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither
D. I don't care also
答案： B.句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示“也不”。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中， so用于肯定句， 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。
;倒装句就是将正常的陈述语序加以变化，主要作用是强调被提前的部分
倒装句可分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种：
一?、全部倒装
谓语动词提前至主语之前为全部倒装，如：
Out came his guest.
On the hill stood a little cottage that contained heaps of hay.
There lived an elderly lady whose husband died long ago.
二、部分倒装
助动词或情态动词提至主语之前，谓语动词位置不变，即为部分倒装，如：
Neither could he see through your plan.
So little did I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words.
Doesn't her invitation appeal to you?
第一节 否定词提前倒装
否定词用于句首时，句子应进行部分倒装
否定词常用的有：
Not only…(but also),Not until(直到…..才),
No sooner….(than)(一…..就) Never/ Rarely/Seldom
Hardly/Scarcely… (when) Few/Little
Neither/Nor (也不) Nwhere
At no time Under no circumstances(决不)
On no account (决不) In no way
其中not only, no sooner, hardly, scarcely 分别和but (also), than, when搭配使用，需注意：后一组词之后的部分不进行倒装，只有否定词之后的部分倒装
如：Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain.
Not only was he able to enter the final round of the contest, but he came out first as well.
No sooner had I got any chance to speak than the clerk slammed the door in my face.
Seldom does he travel about.
Under no circumstances should you betray your own country.
此类倒装句一般出现在填空题中，需填入的是倒装部分，只要在句首见到上述的词，就应条件反射的想到用倒装句
例题：
(1)
---- was the first fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.
(A) Not until 1866
(B) Until 1866, just
(C) Until 1866
(D) In 1866, not until
答案：A
解释：由被动式was laid被名词短语分割开可知, 此句是个部分倒装句, 选项中只有A否定词提前可引导倒装句, 1866应是until的宾语, 故D不对; 此句正常语序应为: The first fully successful transatlantic cable was not finally laid until 1866.
(2)
Not until 1931 ---- the official anthem of the United States.
(A) “The Star-spangled Banner” did become
(B) when “The Star-spangled Banner” became
(C) did “The Star-spangled Banner” become
(D) became “The Star-spangled Banner”
答案：C
解释：否定词not放在句首引起部分倒装，只有C符合倒装语序
第二节 介词、分词词组提前倒装
当句子没有宾语，且主语偏长时，往往将句中作状语的介词短语或作表语的形容词短语或作表语的分词短语提至句首，引起主谓的全部倒装
如：In the middle of the river floated the cluster of plants that she had cast.
Characteristic of an anarchist was her strong opposition to the government, which she had blamed for all the social injustices.
Lying on the grassland is a pretty girl in her early twenties.
例题：
(1)
Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent ----, or pronghorn.
(A) it is the American antelope
(B) the American antelope is
(C) is the American antelope
(D) the American antelope
答案：C
解释：此句为形容词短语be typical of作表语前置引起的完全倒装句, 空白处缺少的实为倒装的主语和谓语动词, A B未倒装, 可首先排除; D无动词, 也可排除. 此句正常语序应为: The American antelope, or pronghorn, is typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent.
(2)
The glaciers that reached the Pacific Coast were valley glaciers, and between those tongues of ice ----that allowed the original forests to survive.
(A) that many sanctuaries were
(B) were many sanctuaries
(C) were there many sanctuaries
(D) there the many sanctuaries
答案：B
解释：and是并列句的连接词，逗号前是分句一，and后是分句二. 因分句二中between引导的介词短语提前，空格处需要分句二倒装的主谓语，D无谓语，可先排除；A使原句只有从句无主句; C中there是多余的，只能选B
第三节 副词提前倒装
副词提至句首引起倒装，可分以下几种情况：
1. only + 副词(when, before, if, after等)
或only+介词状语(由in, under, by, on, after等引导)提前，必须部分倒装
如：only then did he realize how stupid he had been.
only after entering the store did Arthur realize that there was danger.
only in the library can she concentrate on her study.
2. often, such, so等副词提前，部分倒装
如: So diligently did he work that he got hight scores on the final exam.
=He worked so diligently that he got hight scores on the final exam.
Such was his wish that the world would stay away from war forever.
Often did we go on a holiday in hot summer.
注意，so的另一种倒装是表示“也…”
California relies heavily on income from crops, and so does Florida.
加利福尼亚过多的依赖于来自农作物的收入，佛罗里达也是这样
同理，体会一下neither, nor的倒装
He can't dance, neither/nor can I.= I can't, either.
他不会跳舞，我也不会。
3. in, out, down, up, away, off, here, there, over等副词提前，全部倒装
如：Off got the staggering gentlemen.
Here are the photos I took at the seaside.
例题：
(1)
As inevitably as human culture has changed with the passing of time, so does the
AB CD
environment.
答案：D
应改为：has
解释：逗号后是副词so引起的倒装句，表示同前者相同，倒装的助动词应与前一句一致，也用has
(2)
only outside the Earth's atmosphere ---- to attain extremely high velocities.
(A) to be safe for a space vessel
(B) is it safe for a space vessel
(C) for a space vessel to be safe
(D) a space vessel to be safe
答案：B
解释：副词only引导状语放在句首时，句子需要部分倒装，只有B符合题意
第四节 疑问倒装
疑问句需部分倒装语序，由于经常用到不会成为考试的难点。
如：What part did he play in Hamlet?
Do you prefer tea or coffee?
例题：
(1)
Of the millions who saw Haley's comet in 1986, how many people----long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
(A) will they live
(B) they will be living
(C) will live
(D) living
答案：C
解释：此句是how many 引导的疑问句, 缺少倒装的谓语部分, 但因主语people已出现在句首疑问词之后, 不需要再进行主谓倒装. A B 中的they是people的重复, 没有必要; D 不能单独作谓语
英语语法中,倒装句主要有2种,一种为完全倒装,而另一种为部分倒装,你所提出的问题属于后一种.完全倒装(Full Inversion)：又称"全部倒装",是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前.此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时.部分倒装(Partial Inversion)：指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前.如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前.下面几种情况都属于部分倒装：1.only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装.例子:only in this way can you solve this problem.只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题.only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误.2.hardly,in no way,little,scarcely,seldom,never,no more,no longer,not,not only,no sooner,not only … (but also),not until… 等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装.例子:No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.我刚到家就下起了雨.Seldom do I go to work by bus.我很少乘公共汽车上班.她还没来得及坐下来,就听见有人敲门.Not until twelve o'clock did he go to bed last night .3.so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分.例子:So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌.To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out.她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了.以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果.4.为了避免句子部分内容不必要的重复,常用"so+be动词（助动词、情态动词）+主语"或"neither/nor + be动词（助动词、情态动词）+主语"的倒装句式.其中第一个句式表示"与前面所述的肯定情况相同",第二个句式表示"与前面所述的否定情况相同".例子:A:His brother is a college student; B:so is mine.(nor is mine .)A:他弟弟是大学生,B:我弟弟也是.(我弟弟也不是.)A:He used to have his further study abroad; B:so did I.(neither did I.)
首先你得知道是全部倒装还是部分倒装，全部倒装就是把整个谓语放到主语之前，部分倒装只是提前谓语的一部分，准确的说只能提出助动词，be动词或情态动词。
用助动词是句子中出现的谓语是实义动词才用，be动词和情态动词就是提前他们即可。
这个和一般疑问句的变化形式有点类似。
比如说He never goes to school变成部分倒装就要用助动词了，因为这里面出现的谓语是实义动词goes，所以引用助动词。
Never does he go to school。
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